Composition Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Composition - Annotated Bibliography ExampleWhile it may not be as complete and detailed as other biographical accounts of vacuum, it does provide enough information round his disposition and temperament when it comes to individuals whom he considered as enemies of the state. Since the research deals with the government abuse of power while hoover was in the FBI as described by Stout in The Doorbell Rang, this keep back would help in explaining the character of the said director.The FBI A Hi written report presents a detailed discussion of the history of the countrys principal crime-fighting force. It also attempts at providing analysis on the key events that occurred during the history of the FBI. It particularly highlights the era when J. Edgar Hoover was at the helm of its organization. This book by Rhodri Jeffreys-J iodins is relevant to the research since it helps in clarifying the historical stage setting of Rex Stouts The Doorbell Rang.Select Committee to Study Governmen tal Operations. Intelligence Activities and the Rights of Americans. United States Senate, 1976. Web. 27 January 2012. http//www.icdc.com/paulwolf/cointelpro/churchfinalreportIIce.htmThis is basically a report submitted by a senate committee headed by Sen. Frank Church in 1976. The said committee made and investigation of all the actions that the FBI did during the time when J. Edgar Hoover was its director. The document was actually one of the very first systematic and comprehensive attempts at exposing the FBI and the CIAs abuse of power, such as the spying conducted on American citizens. This also provides substantial proofs of Hoovers violations of the privacy of individuals, which is the gist in The Doorbell Rang.Since the research is on the theme of how The Doorbell Rang serves as a critique of J. Edgar Hoover and the FBI, it is only right that the book become a principal reference. The book written by Rex Stout is part of the Nero Wolfe detective story series. However, unlike the rest of the Nero

India's Globalization and Economic Development Essay

Indias Globalization and Economic Development - Essay exemplificationAfter Indias independence, economic managers took very cautious steps since they found the world sharply split into two blocs. On one end, at that place were capitalist economies, particularly the US on the other hand, there existed communist economies, primarily the USSR. This study will drive an evaluation of these competitive claims via a systematic investigating by use of an intensive case study. Foreign insurance policy is the effort by a rural area to capitalize on its state interest in the global environment. In 1947, India foreign policies strived to attain transnational peaceful environment, autonomy, strategic space, free of entanglement, conflicts, and alliances associated with Cold War while it concentrated on domestic activities aimed at nation building (Mukherjee and Malone 2). This Indias philosophy facilitated neither global economic growth nor corporation (Anonymous 14). In fact, it facilitat es conflicts and collisions as Indian economic analysts keep that unlike domestic policy, this Indias foreign policy hear meets other states in search of the same goals for themselves and sometimes at Indias expense. ... Indias patterns of globalization incline with hyperactive globalists and diplomats in spite of having existed since immemorial time. As of now, people understand foreign policy as a function of the modern state system since they can speak of the late Indian knightly policy. According to Westphalia state system, before India came to existence in the eighteenth century, she was losing sovereignty attributes and her capacity for foreign policy and independence. As a result, Imperial British interests prevailed over Indias foreign goals since the country was a aquiline (Mukherjee and Malone 13). From the perspective of feminist economists, winners and losers of India appear represented in the process of globalization. For instance, due to his strong personality, Cu rzon tried to assert what Imperial British portrayed as Indias interests by sending Young on his tour in Tibet. However, London reined on him so rapid to let go of his gains in order to make unnecessary the overall British interests. The balance of power theory in conjunction with game theory tack together across that practitioners and diplomats analyses the working of global changes basing their facts on opportunities, joys of diplomacy, and threats. Therefore, transformers view of Indias globalization contradict with that of skeptics since the former swear they are fortunate to have lived in a time when India was undergoing the period of the fastest change and they shoot for to practice foreign policy. Today the world is experiencing political diversities and economic values within groups where independent states do not want to accept burdens that come along with international leadership.

Compare and contrast the role of a Nurse Practitioner and a Essay

Compare and contrast the fibre of a Nurse Practitioner and a doctors Assistant - Essay ExamplePhysician assistants carry emerge their practice in partnership with medical practitioners and fail in almost all specialties in the case of medicine. Physician assistants are trained in much(prenominal) a way that they pile play the situations of a doctor if need be. Creation of the physician assistant unit was crucial in many regions since the enumerate of medical practitioners is considerably low. Additionally, this helped many countries provide health care in rural areas, inner sections of the city, as well as other areas where there are shortages of medical practitioners. As opposed to physician assistants, take practitioners tend to be somehow independent on their practice and are less reliant on physicians. Just like physician assistants, nurse practitioners can play most of the roles played by a physician. This paper focuses on comparing nurse practitioners and physician assistants by considering aspects such as their roles, education, job description, and desktop of practice, job opportunities, and the scope of the practice. Education Education wise, a physician assistant is required to infrago a training program that takes about 26 months. Additionally, the physician assistants are required to have passed the national aware exam and holder of practice license. Furthermore, physician assistants are supposed to have accomplished clinical gyration in different specialties (Buppert, 2005 Miller & Kelli, 2012). A nurse practitioner is a registered nurse who has attained a masters degree in nursing in addition to extensive clinical experience. The extensive clinical experience should be gained during the 12 to 16 months that nurse practitioners are supposed to spend treating whacky as well as serious illnesses while under an instructors observation (Hooker, Cawley, & Leinweber, 2010 Buppert, 2005). Job Description Physician assistants are trained and certified health care professional that are supposed to work under the supervision of medical physician. On the other hand, nurse practitioners are trained and registered nurses who are certified and can thus conduct medical as well as operational tasks with minimal or no supervision from a physician. Physician assistants work in a wide range of medical fields. absolute majority of them are involved in providing primary care. Other duties may fall in other units such as assisting in surgical procedures, practicing internal medicine, emergency medicine, as well as in pediatric subspecialties. They may practice in hospitals, group physician practice, in rural or community health centers or as solo physician practice (Hooker, Cawley, & Leinweber, 2010 Buppert, 2005). Nurse practitioners are free to practice as private physicians after being certified. They also serve in the hospital inpatient and outpatient. Additionally, nurse practitioners work in rural health clinic where the y offer community-based primary care. They can also work in the emergency department (Buppert, 2005). Role Responsibility Physician assistants practice in association with medical practitioners or physicians. Their role is interdependent with that of the physicians in what is described as negotiated performance autonomy. The roles of a physician assistant include winning the medical history of a patient and carrying out other investigations regarding the patients health. They are also responsible of examining the patients, assisting the physician in offering treatment to the patients, ordering

Implementing & Executing Strategy in the Global Marketplace Essay

Implementing & implementation Strategy in the Global Marketplace - Essay ExampleAside from the key reasons for outsourcing, former(a) benefits atomic number 18 also evident in applying this practice to ones business. Most notable of these is the advantage of getting a higher(prenominal) level of experience. The subcontracted business revolves around giving high quality services provided by experts. They need to perpetually up punctuate their services to maximize their potentials and lead the competition. Instead of employing experts to do the jobs of minimal importance as comp bed to the real significant ones, through outsourcing, businesses can now avail quality services on its non- loading operations (Ouzts, 2003).This is the in truth reason why the founders of ODW Logistics, Inc, based in Columbus, Ohio, established a business that capitalizes on the need of their clients outsourcing needs. They throw away been offering excellent logistics services to billion dollar companies since 1972. Their product line includes warehousing and product distribution. They louse up of devising efficient and cost-effective material handling solutions and supply facilities, staffing, warehouse management systems, and all the gyre stock operating equipment (ODW Logistics Website, 2006).Given the nature of outsourcing and the list of their service, ODW Logistics can definitely help in orbicular firms vision of gaining competitive advantage. If it is committed ample to produce excellent quality warehousing services, their clients will rattling feel ODWs excellent piece enhancing their performance. Solving warehouse worrys of more or less companies is probably the most significant contribution they can give. Materials handling is a very tedious and costly task that usually belongs outside the core operations of most companies. Unless a company is in the retailing and other industries where effective warehousing is exceedingly important, warehousing consumes huge amo unt of money and effort that should have been spent in improving the performances in other core operations. With 30 years of experience in this industry, ODW Logistics has proven to be one of the most trusted names in providing warehousing solutions to other companies. Another issue concerning warehousing in other companies is the lack of affordable warehousing space. Procuring and maintaining considerable amount of space for product inventory is a problem for most companies. Aside from the cost of maintaining the warehouse site they likewise need manpower and engineering science that they are not familiar with. With its Ohio campus that spans 82 acres, six buildings, 170 dock doors and a 400-trailer capacity yard. The campus also offers a 150,000 square foot container freight station as well as rail service, food grade facilities. All in all, ODW Logistics has 2 million square feet of distribution facilities all over the United States, it has enough resources to give hands-on and practical solutions to their clients warehousing problems.Another service feature that would give to its clients is the state-of-the-art technology that ODW Logistics uses in its operations. Its Warehouse Distribution Logistics System (WDLS) efficiently monitors inventory movement

What does Martin Luther King Jr day have to do with me Essay

What does Martin Luther King Jr day have to do with me - Essay ExampleHe asserts the peoples free will in becoming active elements of social changes Every man must root whether he will walk in the put down of creative altruism or in the nighttime of destructive selfishness. I want to be part of the light walkers, contributing to actions that make this world a better place. King, furthermore, leads people to alternative actions. He says Darkness cannot drive out darkness only light can do that. Hate cannot drive out hate only love can do that. I admire his non-violent means of attaining social changes. I believe that we should also be creative in thinking about and resolving our social issues.King is a rousing transformational leader. He serves as an transport to me because he does not allow himself and his people to remain oppressed. He is also a creative thinker. He compels me to think of different ways that can solve problems. What does King mean to me? He is a graphic symbol model and a hero, a hero who remains alive in the hearts of those who fight for the rescue of justice and

Assess the impact of the Iranian revolution on Middle East politics Essay

Assess the impact of the Iranian revolution on Middle easternmost politics - Essay ExampleShiite Islam was declared as the state religion and widespread reforms, covering some every department of the state, were introduced. This as well as resulted in the restructuring of the foreign indemnity of this company.The new leaders of the state had a whole new perspective for the world, especially their neighboring Middle Eastern states. This new foreign policy was to change the face of Middle Eastern Politics forever. To analyze this new order of politics, we must endure a proper insight of the foreign relations surrounded by Iran and the other Middle Eastern countries. The starting line country that may come in mind is Iraq (Menashri, 2001, p.46).After the dismissal of the Shah of Iran, Shah Raza Pahlavi, who was always considered as a liberal Shah who had strayed the people of Iran from the true path of Islam, there was a sudden change of the international views of Iran. This also inducted a huge change in the local policies between countries, such as Iraq and Iran.With the Iraq-Iran war between 1980 and 1988, there was a focus towards the Kurdish factor between the two states. This gave rise to a Kurdish conflict between the two states which was promoted by both of the states. Iraq promoted the movement known as the KDPI (Kurdish Democratic caller of Iran) to function inside the Iranian territory at different spots which included Nowdesheh and Qasr-e-Shirin. KDPI was supplied with weapons and respective(a) soldiers arms throughout the war and wanted to develop liberated zones inside the state of Iran (Bernard, 1995, p.428).Similarly, Iran also indulged in a Kurdish movement as a counter retaliation against Iraq. By 1983, they started funding Kurdish parties such as KDP (Kurdish Democratic Party) and PUK (Patriotic Union of Kurdistan) to function inside the Iraqi Premises and cause various un-settlements within the state. This threatened Baghdad

Evaluating ICT Use in Teaching Dyslexic Students in the Mainstream Dissertation - 1

Evaluating ICT Use in Teaching dyslexic Students in the Mainstream Primary Schools in Saudi-Arabian Arabia - Dissertation Example4Study try on 40 3. 5Ethics 40 3. 6Administration of the Questionnaire 42 3. 7Conclusion 42 Chapter 4 Result and Analysis 43 4.1.Introduction 43 4.2.Response Rate 43 4.3.Characteristics of the Study Sample (Demographic Data) 44 4..2.1.1Academic Qualifications 44 4..2.2.1Major 45 4..2.3.1Minor Major 46 4..2.4.1Teaching Experience 47 4..2.5.1ICT Training 48 60 4.4.Discussion 83 Chapter 6 Conclusion 88 6.1Achievements of the Study 88 6.2Implications for practice 88 6.3Strengths and weaknesses in the regard 91 6.4Implications for further question 92 References 94 Abstract Since the introduction of computers in schools in mid-seventies the role of computers has progressed form tutor to topic to tool. Today, entropy and computer technology (ICT) has far reaching implications in every sphere of life. Education and learning process have achieved new dimension s with the integration of ICT in the process. It is of particular(prenominal) significance for teaching of children with special needs since these students are characterized by deficits that have adverse impacts on their academician performance. Among the learning disabilities, one of the major causes of concern is dyslexia due to its high prevalence and multivariant manifestation and is characterized by pronounced reading disability. Use of ICT based intervention strategies have shown potential for overcoming these deficits. Integration of ICT to learning renders the teacher raising for ICT imperative. The current study attempts to investigate the availability and integration of ICT resources for the procreation of regular and dyslexic students in Saudi Arabia and the perceptions of teachers regarding its efficacy for the purpose. The study involved participants from primary schools of Riyadh, KSA who were provided questionnaires comprising of close ended questions on their edu cational qualifications, experience and ICT discipline use and availability of ICT related hardware and software and their opinion regarding the efficacy and obstacles in the use of ICT. operative results from the quantitative research proved a positive correlation existed between ICT training and efficacy of ICT as an educational tool thus indicating the importance of teacher training in influencing teachers perception and usage of ICT. ICT AND DYSLEXIA For pile without disabilities, technology makes things convenient for people with disabilitiesit makes things POSSIBLE. (Treviranus, 2000) Chapter 1 Introduction This chapter introduces use of information and communication technology (ICT) for education of students with dyslexia and the importance of study of various aspects of dyslexia for an individual as sanitary as a teacher. In redact to achieve this aim, the chapter attempts to outline the rationale behind the study, followed by an update on special education preconditio n with special attention to Saudi Arabia as the researchers country of residence as well as United Kingdom (UK) researcher residing in UK for the major part of the research process. Finally the chapter outlines the aims of the research along with the various objectives followed to achieve the aims. 1.1 Introduction The last two decades have witnessed tremendous advances in information and c

Repositioning Target Market Demographics Using U.S. Census Data Essay

reposition Target Market Demographics Using U.S. number Data - Essay sheathIt rotter be stated that the target customers for compact cassettes could be the students as well as the unfledged people who possesses the fascination in auditory modality music. According to the Census Data of the United States, it has been apparently notice that the nation has the highest amount of listeners. On the basis of this signifi quite a littlet data, it can be affirmed from a broader billet that the repositioning of the harvest-festival especially targeting the listeners like the youths as well as the students along with others fond of listening music would be beneficial. Relating to the aspect of repositioning, certain key dimensions are needed to be implemented that includes collar companys effort for doing well, discovering the needs of the customers and exploiting organizational strengths for meeting the demands of the customers. Another key dimension can be identified as culture buil ding for focusing on customers as well as market intelligence (Trout, & Rivkin, 2009). From the above observation it can be stated that in order to reach into bare-ass market segment, it is required to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the organizations. It can be observed that compact cassettes requires mass reproducing aspects, phonography records as well as prerecording for attracting customers in the global markets. According to the census data belonging to the US, it can be stated that the target market for the product concerning compact cassettes would be the rural areas of the nations wherein the students and the youths among others resides substantially. It has been apparently observed that the state in the rural areas of the US has been estimated to be nearly about 18% and with targeting this particular market, it would be feasible to elevate technological advancements particularly in those areas. In accordance with the reports that published by the US Census Dat a, it can be observed that the value of shipments and annual payrolls is much higher in the US business line markets as compared to others in the global context. The products like compact cassettes entering into the target market i.e. the US would pee ample scope of generating greater revenues by delivering quality products to the customers (United States Census Bureau, 2011). 2. Type of Research Required for Repositioning Compact Cassettes The marketing explore for products of compact cassettes can be identified as current marketing and promotion plan along with distribution of compensation, current customers profile and competitive products review (McGrath Marketing, n.d). In this comparable concern, it can be stated that the types of research required for repositioning the product of compact cassettes in the new target market of the US can be identified as conduction of interview with practitioners, assessing the tilt in the target market and developing a detailed understan ding of the attributes of products. Furthermore, the other sort of research encompassing conduction of primary along with secondary data is also required for establishing a product such as compact cassettes in the target market of the US. It is quite significant that the identification of competitors inwardly the market segment is quite indispensable for repositioning a product in target market. It can also be stated that the conduction of qualitative research is also required

A Study of the Access Women Have in Male Dominated Sports Dissertation

A Study of the Access Women Have in Male Dominated Sports - Dissertation Example2) Background to the study The ch exclusivelyenges that hinder women from participating in anthropoid dominated sports are12.1. Female invisibility discrimination in management, funding, media representation.2.2. Discrimination in providing proper access to fast facilities.2.3. Body consciousness and Abhorrence of physical activity.2.4. Attitudes and prejudices about sexuality.2.5. Fears of personal safety, sexual harassment and abuse.2.6. Parental and bad influence.2.7. Stereotyping and prejudices about ethnicity.2.8. Academic performance priority.2.9. Lack of self-confidence2.10.Lack of money2.11.Lack of time1= http//www.helpforclubs.org.uk/pages/download.aspx?id=4CC7A28A- 46A9-469B-A848-5F6AC358C6153. Justification A detailed explanation of each of the foregoing points is provided below.3.1. Female invisibility discrimination in management, funding, media representation At all levels, womens sports and games attract less funding that mens. Prize money at all major sports and games is vastly higher for men as compared to women. Women are under-represented in sports organisations. Girls miss out on involvement in sport because of lack of female role models. The four points mentioned above are hyper-inflated when it comes to womens involvement in physical contact sports like football and rugby. Girls teams of such sports attract less sponsorship from topical anaesthetic businesses because of the low revenue they generate, less spectators and low profile media coverage of their games.

Should central banks be independent Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Should central banks be autonomous - Essay illustrationThey all soak up different origins hence the difference in the roles and functions that they are judge to play. While just about of them were established as a special purpose upon which the government banks were brought up to bring about commit in the way that bank notes are issued, others were developed to act as sources of funding for the governments (Downes & Vaez-Zadeh 92). There are other central banks that started off as large commercial banks that dominated and subsequently were able to come along the economy by offering the monopoly rights to provide bank notes. Most of the central banks started their operation during the 20th nose candy as central banks that held the public policy agencies to conduct the functions related to central banking. However, the bundles of functions associated with the central bank have always differed in a substantial way from one country to the other. In this paper the principal(pren ominal) functions and roles of the central banks will be analyzed and an evaluation performed o whether the central banks should be made independent (Touffut 52).The key functions of the central bank revolve around the fact that the central bank is an agency that is expected to perform the conducts of monetary policy and provide the means through which it can be settled. In the past, they functioned as the governments bankers, the monopoly of issuing notes, the bankers bank, the last resort lender, controller and regulator of credit and the nutriment of external stability (Goodhart xiii).The most important function of the central bank has been linked to the role of pecuniary stability. However, it is considered as the objective that extends or goes beyond the objectives of functions, which contribute towards financial stability. Nonetheless, it is still applicable in umteen countries where for example in China, it is the role of the Peoples bank to ensure that financial risks are rationalise with the effort to provide financial stability

History of fast food restaurants in America Research Paper

History of fast nourishment restaurants in America - Research Paper ExampleFast foods include tacos, ice creams, hot dogs, hot up chicken, juices, chicken nuggets, meat pies, pizzas, sausages, chips and sandwiches. Other foods that are often served in fast food restaurants are mashed potatoes, salads and chilli. superstar of the main characteristic of fast food restaurants is that they often maintain a limited menu, with or without seating area space. This paper will analyse the history of fast food restaurants in the US tracing its instruction especially from the 1920s to date. onwards the fast food restaurants gained ground, such foods as hamburger sandwiches and hotdogs had been big problem in the early 1900s, their popularity bolstered by the holding of the St Louis Worlds Fair. The first pizzeria in the unify States of America opened in 1905 setting stable ground for the establishment of fast food restaurants (Famouswhy, 2010).Before the establishment of what is today kno wn as the fast food restaurant in the US, White Castle, founded in Kansas Wichita was already established in 1921 (Howstuffworks, 2010). Then, most people assumed that burgers that were being sold in circuses, dejeuner counters, carts and fairs were of low quality. The assumption was based on the belief that hamburgers were made of soiled meat and scraps gotten from slaughterhouses. fetching note of this damning misconception, White Castles owners endeavoured to ensure that this misconception was destroyed.The founders of White Castle started to prepare their hamburgers in a agency that customers would appreciate. Their restaurants prepared the hamburgers such that clients saw how the ingredients were being mixed and the food cooked (Howstuffworks, 2010). They also painted their restaurants white and gave them label that suggested high levels of hygiene. With time, the popularity of the restaurant chain grew especially in the East and Midwest parts of the US. The

Ethical Issues of Barclays Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Ethical Issues of Barclays - Essay ExampleThe research has provided valuable insights in appreciate of how the smashed can improve its relationship with customers and investors so that ethical norms can be met more effectively.In June 2012 Barclays depository pecuniary institutions rate-fixing scandal had mottled its reputation in a horrendous manner. The jargon was fined 290 million pounds for fastening LIBOR. The investigation into the matter had revealed that the pious platitude indulged in LIBOR manipulation to earn fraudulent profits and to make the bank activities secure against risks arising out of the financial crisis. The LIBOR is considered as one of the most vital information in respect of benchmark rates and it crucially impacts financial trading contracts across the globe. In the light of such events, chase Diamond, the former chief executive of the bank had submitted his resignation. Subsequently, Anthony Jenkins was chosen as the chief executive officer (CEO). The bank was involved in a number of scandals such as the fraudulent selling of PPI (Payment Protection Insurance) and pursuance rate rigging which tarnished its reputation and had seriously affected consumers who had shifted to other banks. Almost 12 million holders of circulating(prenominal) bank account had switched to other banks as the credit rating and overall reputation of the bank declined. globe relations in respect of financial services institutions are essentially about communicating all-important(prenominal) and accurate information to the stakeholders. PR executives are required to maintain the trust of consumers and shareholders so that their investments remain with the financial institutions.

Environmental policy and governance Annotated Bibliography - 1

environmental policy and governance - Annotated Bibliography Examplee clean development mechanisms to include the quest for clean heartiness resources have destabilized the production and consumption of oil and another(prenominal) non-conservative energy sources. The author argues that the manipulation of oil and other polluting forms of energy have declined to the consideration of a sustainable future and reduce environmental health issues and deficits. He considers a policy to govern the use of oil in the industry globally and encourage the use of clean sources of energy. He hints at the involvement of the private energy sectors and other stakeholders to help in the instruction execution of such policies with the intention of reducing energy related pollution of the environment. The increase of oil prices has improved commitments in the policy formulations for clean energy developments. The author proposes the use of clean energies to be compulsory in the chief(a) levels. This will increase sustainability.Sanoh, A, et al, 2014, The stintings of clean energy resource development and grid interconnection in Africa, Renewable Energy An International Journal, 62, pp. 598-609. Retrieved from http//yadda.icm.edu.pl/yadda/element/bwmeta1.element.elsevier-d7564474-4ff8-336b-8d14-69dc77c028fbThe authors argue that the use of clean energy resources within the exploitation regions like Africa will trigger economic development as this will come with economic benefits to the people. They explains that roughly clean energy resources are eco friendly, non pollutant consequently absolutely nothing is to be spent on the kill of the impacts of clean energy resources. Unlike oil, clean energy does not cause climate changes, variations in the pelting pattern and therefore the loss of agricultural output in these regions. Agricultural out is linked to the economic development in these regions. He consequently argues that policy formulators should involve environmental asp ects and future development in planning for the energy to be used in these regions.Tobin, M, &

The security strengths and weaknesses of the Internet Essay

The security strengths and weaknesses of the cyberspace - Essay Example net security is very eventful for a person who keeps or sends important data over the network. A basic knowledge of internet security is essential for anyone who uses the web for tasks such as email, networking and shopping (Paul). greatness of Internet Privacy Internet security has become one of the main concerns for each individual connected to the internet for any purpose. It is because there are a number of hackers present on the internet endlessly trying to spring up into other computers in order to steal important data or to nullify the important data. Hacking has become so common in todays world that almost every person who uses internet is a target of hackers. Hacking is the process in which a system is tested originally it goes into the market for direct use by the customers (Douglas). Any individual, whether using internet for communication purposes or for training sharing, needs to retard premium level internet security because hackers not only try to break into such computers which contain highly critical information but also they try to gain attend of such computers which although do not contain any important information but can be used to hack other computers. There are many security measures, which an individual can have to reduce the chances of internet attacks. Internet security fundamentals are designed to protect individual Internet users from security risks which accompany use of the Internet (Smith). whatever of the easiest and most efficacious security measures include regularly changing the login passwords, setting difficult passwords, downloading a face-to-face firewall, setting encryption standards, and installing up to ensure antivirus software. One can never deny the significance of internet security in todays world. Internet privacy is one of the biggest concerns for any individual doing any kind of work on the internet. The turn off of inter net security or privacy is not just limited to big organizations and companies rather it has become a need for any individual having online presence. It is a common misconception that Internet security plays a gravid role only in organizations, or when people have sensitive information on their computers (Sundaram). For online businesses, maintaining internet security is of extreme importance. Some of the key steps which every company should take while exhalation online include registering an anonymous domain name, taking steps to protect online communications, making use of e-currency payment solutions, and ensuring local anesthetic security along with online security. Implementing internet security measures is very important for any individual for many reasons. Some of the most significant reasons include keeping privacy of important information, not letting strangers to view personal information, being online with no fear, protecting personal and business emails, and doing busi ness activities with optimum security. A very important question related to internet security is that what can happen if a person does not apportion about internet security or why a person needs to implement effective internet security measures. The answer to the question is that if a person does not take steps to ensure internet security, he/she is likely to face many problems, such as, loss of important data, twist around of data, misuse of computer identity, receiving fake emails, receiving hazardous links, and loss of important files. Therefore, maintaining optimum

Liberia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Liberia - Essay ExampleIn fact, even African slaves from other separate of Africa were also sent here instead of their place of origin. Until today, Liberia is assisted by the U.S. as evidenced by the fact that The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) implements the U.S. Governments development assistance syllabus in Liberia, the second-largest USAID development program in Africa (Liberia, state.gov).The economy of Liberia. The GDP of Liberia according to 2008 estimate totals to $1.471 billion or $379.9 per capita ( IMF , 2009). On the other hand, U.S. has a GDP of $14,461.7 billion in the last quarter of 2009 ( bea.gov.) posting a 6.3% increase in GDP. On the contrary, Liberias GDP growth rate is as of 2009 was projected at 1.2% ( U.S. Dept. of State, 2010). Liberias economy is essentially agricultural although it has sizeable resources of iron ore and rubber. In fact, rubber is one of its biggest exports which is followed by timber ( Bateman, et.al, 2000).Liberia h as good prospects in advancement when it comes to technology. In 2007, Liberias president, Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf unveiled the new National and Communication Technologies Policy for Liberia in a conference in its capital, Monrovia. The said convention was sponsored by big names in ICT industry such as Microsoft , Cisco, and Georgia Institute of Technology that sponsored the two national facilities a community-based PC laboratory and a multi-media laboratory ( Webwire,2007). Analyzing from this events , Liberia is heavily dependent on foreign investment and aid from the U.S. While Liberia is continuously maturation ICT, U.S. is on the wake of finding solutions to curb its greenhouse gas emissions. Its technological development is now accommodate towards finding more environment-friendly sources of energy similar to the thrust of the United Kingdom. In fact, one the U.S. hottest pursuits now is meddlesome for bio-fuels for a cleaner future as reported ( Pellerin,2010

China online banking development Essay Example for Free

china online edgeing maturement Essaymainland mainland chinawargon is expected to become the largest information engineering science (IT) preyet in the world in the close five years, ack right awayledging that computers leave be popular in Chinese families by that conviction. mainland mainland china now ranks none 2 in lucre subscribers in the world. owe to chinaw atomic number 18s large population, the countrys internet market muted has with child(p) potential. education technology has been utilized in approximately on the whole sectors of chinas economy today. E-g everywherenment, e- clientele, e- pay, and upgrading of state-owned enterprises will in all told reserve much opportunities for the development of the industry in chinaware is expected to become the largest information technology (IT) market in the world in the next five years, acknowledging that computers will be popular in Chinese families by that time. China now ranks No.2 in net income sub scribers in the world. Owing to Chinas large population, the countrys Internet market still has great potential. instruction technology has been utilized in nearly all sectors of Chinas economy today. E-g everyplacenment, e-business, e-finance, and upgrading of state-owned enterprises will all provide to a greater extent opportunities for the development of the industry in China. empathise the Memo sent appear by Jaime nearly 2004 Mid-Year Offsite assurance line-planning meeting conducted by S1 postulatement team, the key issue of Perfecting our International and Distribution Business caught my attention. Learned the word that Macau Tai Fung bevel implemented S1 deposeing Solution to flinged its online banking armed military serve, and appoint out that S1 open(a) an touch in capital of Red China Chinas capital city, I got a feeling that S1 already turned its eyes to Chinese Market and enjoy whether S1s management would like to eviscerate further moves and stamp down the opportunity.Before left China to immigrant to Canada, I had 6 years working experiences in Beijing-my home city, relations with Chinese pecuniary agencies and institutions, Chinese and multinational banks as closely as different financial institutions and assistance providers in China, Im quite known with Chinese financial industry structure. Id like to reuse my knowledge and do this online research report. If S1 is interested in expanding business in China, but not clear what is the situation in that location and where to start, my research report will, I hope to a certain extent, answer around of your questions.The main propose of this report is to provide well-nigh information and personal suggestions that, I hope, could be helpful for S1s management or marketing team to transgress understand Chinese market. This report includes information covering Chinese banking schema structure, the emergence and development of Internet banking and online insurance r un in China, Chinese governments policies and regulations toward online banking and insurance business as well as some prepositional thoughts nearly how to present S1 and its products to China.Naissance of Online fixing in China In the spick-and-span-fashioned 1990s, China began suffering banks to open online businesses. In 1996, China Merchants patois launched the 1st online financing service in China through All in One Net, an online earnings method, which set up the basic operating regulation of China online banking. On October 1997, the industrial and Commercial brim of China (ICBC) established its own homepage on Internet to promote its financing run and to provide business guide for Internet users. March 1998, bound of China successfully handled its first e-transaction.To 1999, all major banks in China had sped up their online banking construction. To date, online banking has made good get on with in China. match to statistics from the of late seminar called Inte rnational Symposium on the Development of Online Banking and Supervision sponsored by China Banking regulative Commission, Chinas online bank proceedings be expected to work 20 dining tableinal yuan (about 2. 4 meg US dollars) by the destination of this year. Currently, China has over 40 million individuals and 60,000 companies and institutions involved in online banking businesses.In 2003, Internet-based banking businesses have witnessed a orotund step forward, owe to the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome). Traditionally, Chinese have placed a premium on portray-to-face meeting for important business-related matters, but the SARS crisis has forced people to interchange their attitude. Online Banking Development in China China is in the early stages of a vast transformation from a tralatitious rallying and carry banking constitution where customers use the offshootes for almost any banking activity to a redbrick Inter net banking trunk.Currently, to a greater extent than 50 commercial banks ( internal and distant) and over 200 of their branches in China have opened websites, among which, a quantity of over 50 banks have launched online businesses. The Growth of Online Banking Customers in China Chinas online bank transactions were 14. 3 trillion yuan in 2001, increased to 21. 8 one thousand million yuan in 2003, and ar expected to dawn 20 trillion yuan (about 2. 4 trillion US dollars) by the repeal of this year. see 3. 1 The Growth of Online Banking Customers in China Online Shopping pay Methods in China.According to a gaze made by China Internet Network reading Center (CNNIC), recompense online by belief card and unsex card is becoming the 1st weft for online purchasing. The traditional compensation method of fee on sales talk by cash and postal remitment decreased 3. 7% this year. Figure 3. 2 Online Purchasing Payment Methods in China An analysis shows that protection and s ervice abilities are the main concerns for Chinese to use online banking service, 72. 2% of the people inquired care a slew about whether the banks brook guarantee the pencil eraser of all transactions in their online work, 60.6% hope to put one over more functions and flexibilities. Figure 3. 3 Factors that that will attract Chinese to use online banking operate Both Chinese and foreign banks in China complete that the internet solutions provide clients with more channels to communicate with them and allow them to benefit from greater control and apostrophize efficiency, which are top of mind for treasurers today. Domestic Banks and Their Online Banking function For more Chinese, banking in popular is a new experience and in an economy where cash remains important, so bank branches besides provide gage to customers.However, with accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO), Chinas major banks having to face competition, the local players are increasingly sightednes s their extensive and heavily manned branch networks as a liability. More and more Chinese banks front to have discovered the Internet as new man-made lake of revenue and the mesomorphic attraction of Internet banking is reflected an attractive proposition. The Chinese bank that has bee quickest off the mark in build Internet banking is China Merchant Bank, which launched the first online financing service in China in 1996.The foursome state-owned commercial banks quick followed and successively began to offer up some online work since then. May 2000, the unpolished Bank of China (ABC) implemented a trial Internet banking service in its Guangzhou Branch, which allowed their customers in Guangdong land to access their grievance through Internet. declination 2000, ABC launched online banking service in Shanghai called 95599 Online Bank. The new service of 95599 Online bank has reportedly attracted a subdue of large incarnate clients, such(prenominal) as China Worldbest chemical radical and Shanghai Volkswagen.The services offered include up-to-dateness exchange, personal cheque issuance and access to consumer brings. Users can besides report the qualifying of certificates of make, bankbooks and bankcards as well as prearrange withdrawals of cash sums. At the same time, China Construction Bank (CCB) announced its plans to incommode its online banking services to 15 cities in the mainland as well as simplify the change of related credentials in a bid to boost the number of clients utilise online services.The bank began religious offering online services in April 2000 in cities of Beijing, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Qingdao. Last year, the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC) unveiled a new political platform for its personal online banking business emailprotected ICBC officials give tongue to the upgraded e-banking platform could facilitate a key dismission of the banks outlets from all-round functions to sales-orientated servi ces, and gives it a firmer foothold in a market with intensifying foreign competition.ICBC officials said the 58-function brand-name allows almost all services a traditional banking outlet offers to be processed by the client on the computer, including 24-hour any-amount transfers of funds or remittances, securities and foreign coin trading as well as collateralized loans. Figure 3. 4 Internet go provided by the 4 state-owned commercial banks Name Website URL linguistic process Internet run The Agricultural Bank of China (ABC) www. abocn. com Chinese simplify Banking industry news and website news, regularization for foreign silver deposits sleeper to online banking Bank of China (BOC) www. bank-of-china. com Chinese Simplified English Link to branch offices in some other cities and provinces Link to E-banking services Cash management Information on the bank and its activities Information on recognition card deposits online and think banking, loans and remittances. Ch ina Construction Bank www. ccb-on-line. com Chinese Simplified English Links to exchange rates, stock quotes, deposit rates, loan rates, bank fees. Link to branch offices in other cities and provinces Credit card information.International trading operations such as financing, merchant banking, international settlements, capital exchange, treasury services, credit investigations Information on overseas branches and domestic branches that conduct international transactions Foreign currency deposit, multi-currency remittances, musical score settlement and term deposit. Link to online banking and payment The Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC) www. icbc. com. cn Chinese Simplified Chinese Traditional English Link to branch offices in other cities and provinces Link to online bank services personal banking, corporate Banking.Information on E-banking Online financing Links to exchange rates, stock quotes, deposit rates, loan rates, bank fees. Foreign Banks and Their O nline Banking Services Citibank claims that they are the 1st foreign bank in China that obtained approval from the Peoples Bank of China (PCBC) to offer Internet banking services in China to both domestic and international corporations, as well as consumers. Its Internet banking services provide clients with convenient, easy-to-use, and secure access to banking transactions, 24 hours a day, seven days a week, over the Web.Offering its CitiDirect corporate banking service for cash management, the bank has develop an internet-based payments system specifically for the country. The system enables corporate clients in China to make local currency (renminbi) payment transactions to beneficiaries in over 7000 locations. The system, called Citibank Easy Payments, also delivers various payment and collections reports for clients to view or transfer into their computers. Its Internet-based banking services available in China for corporate and consumer clients includeCitiDirect(r) Online Ba nking is Citibanks Web-based delivery channel for corporate clients, designed to securely deliver online an ever-expanding begin of Citibank transaction products. CitiDirect(r) Online Banking provides access to broadsheet information, payment initiation capabilities, collections data, occupation finance transactions, and import/export turn on integration capabilities. CitiDirect(r) replaces traditional electronic banking applications with a single Web-based delivery channel, thereby improving efficiency and lessen costs to clients.Available in 90 countries and 20 languages including traditional and modify Chinese, CitiDirecti Online Banking gives clients the benefits of real-time processing, robust trade protection and integration with their in-house treasury systems. * Citibank Easy Payments, an Internet-based payment system that allows corporate clients in China to make local currency (Renminbi) payment transactions to beneficiaries in over 7000 locations in China. This sy stem was specifically developed for the China market.Citibank Easy Payments also delivers various payment and collections reports for clients to view or download into their computers. Citibank Easy Payments supports interface with all major Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) packages such as SAP, Oracle, BPCS as well as topically developed Chinese accounting packages. Citibank. com. cn, an Internet banking portal that allows corporations and consumers to manage their accounts online, make online enquiries or transactions, view custom-make and personalize pages as well as get online tools and real-time world(a) market information.Global banking group HSBC, Hang Seng Bank and Bank of East Asia received online-banking licence and launched online banking service in China on January 2003. This new service allows their customers to check their balances, transfer funds, make time deposits and account enquiries, check interest and foreign exchange rates, and send remittance instructions t hrough Internet. It is said that more foreign banks, like London-based measuring rod Chartered Bank, have also received approval to launch online banking services in China, but it is not clear when the emerging market specialist would offer such service.China is expected to become the largest information technology (IT) market in the world in the next five years, acknowledging that computers will be popular in Chinese families by that time. China now ranks No. 2 in Internet subscribers in the world. Owing to Chinas large population, the countrys Internet market still has great potential. Information technology has been utilized in almost all sectors of Chinas economy today. E-government, e-business, e-finance, and upgrading of state-owned enterprises will all provide more opportunities for the development of the industry in China.Read the Memo sent out by Jaime about 2004 Mid-Year Offsite Business-planning meeting conducted by S1 management team, the key topic of Perfecting our Int ernational and Distribution Business caught my attention. Learned the news that Macau Tai Fung bank implemented S1 Banking Solution to launched its online banking services, and found out that S1 opened an office in Beijing Chinas capital city, I got a feeling that S1 already turned its eyes to Chinese Market and wonder whether S1s management would like to make further moves and seize the opportunity.Before left China to immigrant to Canada, I had 6 years working experiences in Beijing-my home city, dealing with Chinese financial agencies and institutions, Chinese and foreign banks as well as other financial institutions and service providers in China, Im quite familiar with Chinese financial industry structure. Id like to reuse my knowledge and made this online research report. If S1 is interested in expanding business in China, but not clear what is the situation there and where to start, my research report will, I hope to a certain extent, answer some of your questions.The main p urpose of this report is to provide some information and personal suggestions that, I hope, could be helpful for S1s management or marketing team to better understand Chinese market. This report includes information covering Chinese banking system structure, the emergence and development of Internet banking and online insurance services in China, Chinese governments policies and regulations toward online banking and insurance business as well as some prepositional thoughts about how to present S1 and its products to China.Naissance of Online Banking in China In the late 1990s, China began allowing banks to open online businesses. In 1996, China Merchants Bank launched the 1st online financing service in China through All in One Net, an online payment method, which set up the basic operating pattern of China online banking. On October 1997, the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC) established its own homepage on Internet to promote its financing services and to provide busi ness guide for Internet users. March 1998, Bank of China successfully handled its first e-transaction.To 1999, all major banks in China had sped up their online banking construction. To date, online banking has made good progress in China. According to statistics from the recently seminar called International Symposium on the Development of Online Banking and Supervision sponsored by China Banking Regulatory Commission, Chinas online bank transactions are expected to reach 20 trillion yuan (about 2. 4 trillion US dollars) by the end of this year. Currently, China has over 40 million individuals and 60,000 companies and institutions involved in online banking businessesIn 2003, Internet-based banking businesses have witnessed a big step forward, owing to the outbreak of SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome). Traditionally, Chinese have placed a premium on face-to-face meeting for important business-related matters, but the SARS crisis has forced people to change their attitude. On line Banking Development in China China is in the early stages of a vast transformation from a traditional cash and carry banking system where customers use the branches for almost every banking activity to a modern Internet banking system.Currently, more than 50 commercial banks (domestic and foreign) and over 200 of their branches in China have opened websites, among which, a total of over 50 banks have launched online businesses. The Growth of Online Banking Customers in China Chinas online bank transactions were 14. 3 billion yuan in 2001, increased to 21. 8 billion yuan in 2003, and are expected to reach 20 trillion yuan (about 2. 4 trillion US dollars) by the end of this year. Figure 3. 1 The Growth of Online Banking Customers in China Online Shopping Payment Methods in ChinaAccording to a survey made by China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC), payment online by credit card and deposit card is becoming the 1st choice for online purchasing. The traditional payment me thod of payment on delivery by cash and postal remittance decreased 3. 7% this year. Figure 3. 2 Online Purchasing Payment Methods in China An analysis shows that security and service abilities are the main concerns for Chinese to use online banking services, 72. 2% of the people inquired care a lot about whether the banks can guarantee the safety of all transactions in their online services, 60.6% hope to see more functions and flexibilities. Figure 3. 3 Factors that that will attract Chinese to use online banking services Both Chinese and foreign banks in China realized that the internet solutions provide clients with more channels to communicate with them and allow them to benefit from greater control and cost efficiency, which are top of mind for treasurers today. Domestic Banks and Their Online Banking Services For many Chinese, banking in general is a new experience and in an economy where cash remains important, so bank branches also provide security to customers.However, wit h accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO), Chinas major banks having to face competition, the local players are increasingly seeing their extensive and heavily manned branch networks as a liability. More and more Chinese banks seem to have discovered the Internet as new source of revenue and the powerful attraction of Internet banking is reflected an attractive proposition. The Chinese bank that has bee quickest off the mark in building Internet banking is China Merchant Bank, which launched the first online financing service in China in 1996.The four state-owned commercial banks quickly followed and successively began to offer some online services since then. May 2000, the Agricultural Bank of China (ABC) implemented a trial Internet banking service in its Guangzhou Branch, which allowed their customers in Guangdong province to access their account through Internet. December 2000, ABC launched online banking service in Shanghai called 95599 Online Bank. The new service of 9 5599 Online bank has reportedly attracted a number of large corporate clients, such as China Worldbest Group and Shanghai Volkswagen.The services offered include currency exchange, personal cheque issuance and access to consumer loans. Users can also report the loss of certificates of deposit, bankbooks and bankcards as well as prearrange withdrawals of cash sums. At the same time, China Construction Bank (CCB) announced its plans to extend its online banking services to 15 cities in the mainland as well as simplify the process of related authentication in a bid to boost the number of clients using online services.The bank began offering online services in April 2000 in cities of Beijing, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Qingdao. Last year, the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC) unveiled a new platform for its personal online banking business emailprotected ICBC officials said the upgraded e-banking platform could facilitate a key shift of the banks outlets from all-round functi ons to sales-orientated services, and gives it a firmer foothold in a market with intensifying foreign competition.ICBC officials said the 58-function brand-name allows almost all services a traditional banking outlet offers to be processed by the client on the computer, including 24-hour any-amount transfers of funds or remittances, securities and foreign currency trading as well as collateralized loans. Figure 3. 4 Internet Services provided by the 4 state-owned commercial banks Name Website URL Language Internet Services The Agricultural Bank of China (ABC) www. abocn. com Chinese Simplified Banking industry news and website news, Regulation for foreign currency depositsLink to online banking Bank of China (BOC) www. bank-of-china. com Chinese Simplified English Link to branch offices in other cities and provinces Link to E-banking services Cash management Information on the bank and its activities Information on credit card deposits online and phone banking, loans and remitt ances. China Construction Bank www. ccb-on-line. com Chinese Simplified English Links to exchange rates, stock quotes, deposit rates, loan rates, bank fees. Link to branch offices in other cities and provinces Credit card information.International Operations such as financing, merchant banking, international settlements, currency exchange, treasury services, credit investigations Information on oversea branches and domestic branches that conduct international transactions Foreign currency deposit, multi-currency remittances, account settlement and term deposit. Link to online banking and payment The Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC) www. icbc. com. cn Chinese Simplified Chinese Traditional English Link to branch offices in other cities and provinces Link to online bank services personal banking, corporate Banking.Information on E-banking Online financing Links to exchange rates, stock quotes, deposit rates, loan rates, bank fees. Foreign Banks and Their Online Bank ing Services Citibank claims that they are the 1st foreign bank in China that obtained approval from the Peoples Bank of China (PCBC) to offer Internet banking services in China to both domestic and international corporations, as well as consumers. Its Internet banking services provide clients with convenient, easy-to-use, and secure access to banking transactions, 24 hours a day, seven days a week, over the Web.Offering its CitiDirect corporate banking service for cash management, the bank has developed an internet-based payments system specifically for the country. The system enables corporate clients in China to make local currency (renminbi) payment transactions to beneficiaries in over 7000 locations. The system, called Citibank Easy Payments, also delivers various payment and collections reports for clients to view or download into their computers. Its Internet-based banking services available in China for corporate and consumer clients includeCitiDirect(r) Online Banking is C itibanks Web-based delivery channel for corporate clients, designed to securely deliver online an ever-expanding array of Citibank transaction products. CitiDirect(r) Online Banking provides access to account information, payment initiation capabilities, collections data, trade finance transactions, and import/export file integration capabilities. CitiDirect(r) replaces traditional electronic banking applications with a single Web-based delivery channel, thereby improving efficiency and reducing costs to clients.Available in 90 countries and 20 languages including traditional and simplified Chinese, CitiDirecti Online Banking gives clients the benefits of real-time processing, robust security and integration with their in-house treasury systems. * Citibank Easy Payments, an Internet-based payment system that allows corporate clients in China to make local currency (Renminbi) payment transactions to beneficiaries in over 7000 locations in China. This system was specifically developed for the China market.Citibank Easy Payments also delivers various payment and collections reports for clients to view or download into their computers. Citibank Easy Payments supports interface with all major Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) packages such as SAP, Oracle, BPCS as well as locally developed Chinese accounting packages. Citibank. com. cn, an Internet banking portal that allows corporations and consumers to manage their accounts online, make online enquiries or transactions, view customize and personalize pages as well as get online tools and real-time global market information.Global banking group HSBC, Hang Seng Bank and Bank of East Asia received online-banking license and launched online banking service in China on January 2003. This new service allows their customers to check their balances, transfer funds, make time deposits and account enquiries, check interest and foreign exchange rates, and send remittance instructions through Internet. It is said that more f oreign banks, like London-based Standard Chartered Bank, have also received approval to launch online banking services in China, but it is not clear when the emerging market specialist would offer such service.Read the Memo sent out by Jaime about 2004 Mid-Year Offsite Business-planning meeting conducted by S1 management team, the key topic of Perfecting our International and Distribution Business caught my attention. Learned the news that Macau Tai Fung bank implemented S1 Banking Solution to launched its online banking services, and found out that S1 opened an office in Beijing Chinas capital city, I got a feeling that S1 already turned its eyes to Chinese Market and wonder whether S1s management would like to make further moves and seize the opportunity.Before left China to immigrant to Canada, I had 6 years working experiences in Beijing-my home city, dealing with Chinese financial agencies and institutions, Chinese and foreign banks as well as other financial institutions and service providers in China, Im quite familiar with Chinese financial industry structure. Id like to reuse my knowledge and made this online research report. If S1 is interested in expanding business in China, but not clear what is the situation there and where to start, my research report will, I hope to a certain extent, answer some of your questions.The main purpose of this report is to provide some information and personal suggestions that, I hope, could be helpful for S1s management or marketing team to better understand Chinese market. This report includes information covering Chinese banking system structure, the emergence and development of Internet banking and online insurance services in China, Chinese governments policies and regulations toward online banking and insurance business as well as some prepositional thoughts about how to present S1 and its products to China.Naissance of Online Banking in China In the late 1990s, China began allowing banks to open online busines ses. In 1996, China Merchants Bank launched the 1st online financing service in China through All in One Net, an online payment method, which set up the basic operating pattern of China online banking. On October 1997, the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC) established its own homepage on Internet to promote its financing services and to provide business guide for Internet users. March 1998, Bank of China successfully handled its first e-transaction.To 1999, all major banks in China had sped up their online banking construction. To date, online banking has made good progress in China. According to statistics from the recently seminar called International Symposium on the Development of Online Banking and Supervision sponsored by China Banking Regulatory Commission, Chinas online bank transactions are expected to reach 20 trillion yuan (about 2. 4 trillion US dollars) by the end of this year. Currently, China has over 40 million individuals and 60,000 companies and instit utions involved in online banking businesses.In 2003, Internet-based banking businesses have witnessed a big step forward, owing to the outbreak of SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome). Traditionally, Chinese have placed a premium on face-to-face meeting for important business-related matters, but the SARS crisis has forced people to change their attitude. Online Banking Development in China China is in the early stages of a vast transformation from a traditional cash and carry banking system where customers use the branches for almost every banking activity to a modern Internet banking system.Currently, more than 50 commercial banks (domestic and foreign) and over 200 of their branches in China have opened websites, among which, a total of over 50 banks have launched online businesses. The Growth of Online Banking Customers in China Chinas online bank transactions were 14. 3 billion yuan in 2001, increased to 21. 8 billion yuan in 2003, and are expected to reach 20 trillion yu an (about 2. 4 trillion US dollars) by the end of this year. Figure 3. 1 The Growth of Online Banking Customers in China Online Shopping Payment Methods in ChinaAccording to a survey made by China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC), payment online by credit card and deposit card is becoming the 1st choice for online purchasing. The traditional payment method of payment on delivery by cash and postal remittance decreased 3. 7% this year. Figure 3. 2 Online Purchasing Payment Methods in China An analysis shows that security and service abilities are the main concerns for Chinese to use online banking services, 72. 2% of the people inquired care a lot about whether the banks can guarantee the safety of all transactions in their online services, 60.6% hope to see more functions and flexibilities. Figure 3. 3 Factors that that will attract Chinese to use online banking services Both Chinese and foreign banks in China realized that the internet solutions provide clients with more channels to communicate with them and allow them to benefit from greater control and cost efficiency, which are top of mind for treasurers today. Domestic Banks and Their Online Banking Services For many Chinese, banking in general is a new experience and in an economy where cash remains important, so bank branches also provide security to customers.However, with accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO), Chinas major banks having to face competition, the local players are increasingly seeing their extensive and heavily manned branch networks as a liability. More and more Chinese banks seem to have discovered the Internet as new source of revenue and the powerful attraction of Internet banking is reflected an attractive proposition. The Chinese bank that has bee quickest off the mark in building Internet banking is China Merchant Bank, which launched the first online financing service in China in 1996.The four state-owned commercial banks quickly followed and successively beg an to offer some online services since then. May 2000, the Agricultural Bank of China (ABC) implemented a trial Internet banking service in its Guangzhou Branch, which allowed their customers in Guangdong province to access their account through Internet. December 2000, ABC launched online banking service in Shanghai called 95599 Online Bank. The new service of 95599 Online bank has reportedly attracted a number of large corporate clients, such as China Worldbest Group and Shanghai Volkswagen.The services offered include currency exchange, personal cheque issuance and access to consumer loans. Users can also report the loss of certificates of deposit, bankbooks and bankcards as well as prearrange withdrawals of cash sums. At the same time, China Construction Bank (CCB) announced its plans to extend its online banking services to 15 cities in the mainland as well as simplify the process of related authentication in a bid to boost the number of clients using online services.The bank b egan offering online services in April 2000 in cities of Beijing, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Qingdao. Last year, the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC) unveiled a new platform for its personal online banking business emailprotected ICBC officials said the upgraded e-banking platform could facilitate a key shift of the banks outlets from all-round functions to sales-orientated services, and gives it a firmer foothold in a market with intensifying foreign competition.ICBC officials said the 58-function brand-name allows almost all services a traditional banking outlet offers to be processed by the client on the computer, including 24-hour any-amount transfers of funds or remittances, securities and foreign currency trading as well as collateralized loans. Figure 3. 4 Internet Services provided by the 4 state-owned commercial banks Name Website URL Language Internet Services The Agricultural Bank of China (ABC) www. abocn. com Chinese Simplified Banking industry news and we bsite news, Regulation for foreign currency depositsLink to online banking Bank of China (BOC) www. bank-of-china. com Chinese Simplified English Link to branch offices in other cities and provinces Link to E-banking services Cash management Information on the bank and its activities Information on credit card deposits online and phone banking, loans and remittances. China Construction Bank www. ccb-on-line. com Chinese Simplified English Links to exchange rates, stock quotes, deposit rates, loan rates, bank fees. Link to branch offices in other cities and provinces Credit card informationInternational Operations such as financing, merchant banking, international settlements, currency exchange, treasury services, credit investigations Information on oversea branches and domestic branches that conduct international transactions Foreign currency deposit, multi-currency remittances, account settlement and term deposit. Link to online banking and payment The Industrial and Commercia l Bank of China (ICBC) www. icbc. com. cn Chinese Simplified Chinese Traditional English Link to branch offices in other cities and provinces Link to online bank services personal banking, corporate BankingInformation on E-banking Online financing Links to exchange rates, stock quotes, deposit rates, loan rates, bank fees. Foreign Banks and Their Online Banking Services Citibank claims that they are the 1st foreign bank in China that obtained approval from the Peoples Bank of China (PCBC) to offer Internet banking services in China to both domestic and international corporations, as well as consumers. Its Internet banking services provide clients with convenient, easy-to-use, and secure access to banking transactions, 24 hours a day, seven days a week, over the Web.Offering its CitiDirect corporate banking service for cash management, the bank has developed an internet-based payments system specifically for the country. The system enables corporate clients in China to make local currency (renminbi) payment transactions to beneficiaries in over 7000 locations. The system, called Citibank Easy Payments, also delivers various payment and collections reports for clients to view or download into their computers. Its Internet-based banking services available in China for corporate and consumer clients includeCitiDirect(r) Online Banking is Citibanks Web-based delivery channel for corporate clients, designed to securely deliver online an ever-expanding array of Citibank transaction products. CitiDirect(r) Online Banking provides access to account information, payment initiation capabilities, collections data, trade finance transactions, and import/export file integration capabilities. CitiDirect(r) replaces traditional electronic banking applications with a single Web-based delivery channel, thereby improving efficiency and reducing costs to clients.Available in 90 countries and 20 languages including traditional and simplified Chinese, CitiDirecti Online Banking gives clients the benefits of real-time processing, robust security and integration with their in-house treasury systems. * Citibank Easy Payments, an Internet-based payment system that allows corporate clients in China to make local currency (Renminbi) payment transactions to beneficiaries in over 7000 locations in China. This system was specifically developed for the China market.Citibank Easy Payments also delivers various payment and collections reports for clients to view or download into their computers. Citibank Easy Payments supports interface with all major Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) packages such as SAP, Oracle, BPCS as well as locally developed Chinese accounting packages. Citibank. com. cn, an Internet banking portal that allows corporations and consumers to manage their accounts online, make online enquiries or transactions, view customize and personalize pages as well as get online tools and real-time global market information.Global banking group HSBC, Hang Se ng Bank and Bank of East Asia received online-banking license and launched online banking service in China on January 2003. This new service allows their customers to check their balances, transfer funds, make time deposits and account enquiries, check interest and foreign exchange rates, and send remittance instructions through Internet. It is said that more foreign banks, like London-based Standard Chartered Bank, have also received approval to launch online banking services in China, but it is not clear when the emerging market specialist would offer such service.

The life of James Derham Essay Example for Free

The life of James Derham EssayJames Derham is identified as wiz among the ten most famous male nurses in the history of mankind (National Institute of Health). He is indeed termed as the first African-American to entrust formal medicine in America despite the event that he owned no M. D. degree.Derham was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania by a slaveholding play off (Kirschman). Being a slave, he was owned by many medical practitioners, one of whom was Dr.Robert Love, who identified Derham queer potential and encour ripend him to practice medicine. With permission for his master, Dr. Robert Love, Derham successfully worked as a nurse, managing to by his freedom from slavery in 1783 (Kirschman). Being a freeman, he went on to open a medical practice. It is estimated that at the age of 26, Derham was earning over $3,000 annually from his medical practice (National Institute of Health).This has been closely attributed to large patient pool he enjoy owing to his ability to spe ak various languages. He was fluent in speaking English, French, and Spanish languages. It is claimed that Derham once met with the father of American medicine, Dr. Benjamin Rush, with whose encouragement he moved to continue his medical practice in Philadelphia (Kirschman). In Philadelphia, Derham emerged as a medical expert mainly dealing with the treatment of throat and climate caused diseases.He is given great honor for his historical contribution on the relationship amongst climate and diseases affecting mankind (National Institute of Health). However, James Derham disappeared in 1802 and no available information virtually his fate. He his believed not to have had married by the time he disappeared (Kirschman). Due to his honor, the state of brisk Orleans established the James Derham middle school in 1960. Derham was and still is a hero of the American history.

WorldCom Essay Example for Free

WorldCom EssayThis paper explores the Accounting fraud that took status at WorldCom. Three aspects of the corporate agriculture are discussed including WorldComs harsh top-down management approach, the leave out of written rules or a code of conduct, and the inaccessibility of m each of WorldComs surgical incisions. The CEOs impulse to be the 1 stock on Wall Street is also discussed. WorldComs inappropriate book and releasing of accruals is explored and proper accrual accounting procedures are stated.Three aspects of whistleblowing are discussed, including saving a confederation from a destructive end, facing public reprisal, and potential legal effects. Arthur Andersen is then used to explore the believability of the Accounting profession when corporate fraud is unveiled. Keywords WorldCom, fraud, accruals, whistleblowing WorldCom The corporate culture at WorldCom was one that was very loose. Although some(prenominal) factors contributed to the loose and unhealthy envir onment at WorldCom, one of the greatest downfalls of the corporate culture was the harsh top-down management approach.Employees were advised to do as they were told without questioning management. In addition, CEO Bernard Ebbers and CFO Scott Sullivan dabbled in too galore(postnominal) affairs that should have been handled by lower-level management. Too often they ordered overrides of basic procedures that resulted in the downfall of WorldCom. Orders were issued that resulted in the override of accounting procedures. This greatly contributed to the fraud. A nonher factor that contributed to the unhealthy corporate culture at WorldCom was the fact that no written rules or code of conduct existed.The CEO himself thought it was a waste of time. This paired with the harsh top-down management approach seemed to create a lack of intrinsic control as well. There were no real company rules and managers were completely cap subject of overriding any rules that may have existed. The inaccess ibility of other departments may have contributed to the fraud as well. With so many corporate headquarters, key personnel who may have detected the fraud sooner were not able to confirm that anything wrong was taking institutionalize.If a key manager from the finance department in Mississippi, a key manager from the human resources department in Florida, a key manager from the legal department in Washington, D. C. , and a key manager from the network operations department in Texas been together at any point in time, worked together in the same building, or even had the appropriate government agency to communicate (cell phones were not a hot commodity manage they are today and e-mail was mediocre starting to take flight), it is possible that WorldCom could have been salvage from its fraudulent end. The CEOs desire to be the 1 stock on Wall Street was the main source of the fraud.He was so set to be on top that he ordered managers to engage in inappropriate accounting procedure s that include maintaining a certain expense-to-revenue ratio at all costs, releasing accruals, and capitalizing expenses. Furthermore, his top leadership instructed employees about what study could and could not be disclosed with the external auditors. Employees were cursed and threatened if they disclosed anything that was perceived to be a threat to his plan of being the 1 stock on Wall Street.According to Beresford, Katzenbach, and Rogers, Jr. 2003), WorldCom manipulated the butt on of adjusting accruals in three ways. First, in some cases accruals were released without any apparent analysis of whether the accompany actually had exorbitance accruals in its accounts. Thus, reported bank note costs were reduced (and pre-tax income increased) without any proper basis. Second, even when WorldCom had excess accruals, the Company often did not release them in the period in which they were identified. Instead, certain line cost accruals were unploughed as rainy day funds and rele ased to improve reported results when managers felt they were needed.Third, WorldCom reduced reported line costs by releasing accruals that had been established for other purposes in violation of the accounting principle that reserves created for one expense type cannot be used to leg another expense (p. 69). According to Investopedia, frugal events are recognized by matching revenues to expenses (the matching principle) at the time in which the transaction occurs quite a than when payment is made (or received) (para. 1). Thus, accruals are booked when transactions occur. Accruals are released when either payment is made or when they are evaluated and deemed to be in excess of the actual accrual.Accruals of one type should never be released to offset another type. Accruals should also be released in the period they are identified. While whistleblowing may seem like a relatively easy concept to some, it really is not. The decision between doing the easy thing and doing the justly thing usually is not easy. For instance, a person could report fraudulent activity that is taking place within an organization, whether it is due to corruption, misappropriation of assets, financial statement fraud, or another type of fraud. However, such a decision could carry a great price tag.Not only could it lead to the complete demise of a company, but it could cost other employees their benefits, their retirements, and their jobs. One of the pros of whistleblowing is the fact that a company could be saved from certain destruction, as in the case of WorldCom. It is possible that the sooner fraudulent activity is reported, the less proscribe the outcome could be. However, whistleblowers are often perceived as tattle tales and snitches and sometimes face public reprisal, as was the case with WorldComs Cynthia Cooper.Another downside is the potential legal effects of whistleblowing. According to Wikipedia, most whistleblower breastplate laws provide for limited make whole rem edies or damages for employment losses if whistleblower avenging is proven. However, many whistleblowers report there exists a widespread shoot the messenger mentality by corporations or government agencies accused of misconduct and in some cases whistleblowers have been subjected to criminal prosecution in reprisal for describe wrongdoing (Common Reactions section, 4).The consequences of whistleblowing may prove to be steep. The credibility of the Accounting profession is put in riskiness when corporate fraud is unveiled. As a result of the WorldCom fraud, Arthur Andersen was ordered to cease practicing before the Security and fill in Commission by August 31, 2002. According to Wikipedia, the damage to the Andersen name was so severe that as of 2010update, it has not returned as a viable business even on a limited scale. There are over 100 civil suits pending against the firm related to its audits of Enron and other companies.In addition, its reputation was so badly tarnished t hat no company wanted Andersens name on an audit. Even before voluntarily surrendering its adept to practice before the SEC, it had many of its state licenses revoked (Demise section, 1). As stated by Charles Niemeier (2001), A loss of cartel can cause even a company with solid core operations to fail. That is because the negative cushion of a lack of credibility can be far greater than the sum of the misstatements in the financials (The Dangers of Smoothing section, 7).Referenceshttp//www.investopedia.com/ term/a/accrualaccounting.asphttp//owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Andersenhttp//fl1.findlaw.com/news.findlaw.com/wsj/docs/worldcom/bdspcomm60903rpt.pdfhttp//www.sec.gov/news/speech/spch529.htmhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whistleblower

My own communication and interpersonal skills Essay Example for Free

My own conference and interpersonal achievements Es vocalizeI get break through be assessing my own parley and interpersonal sciences in relation to individu solelyy head for the hillsion.Verbal CommunicationMy positioning is at a pre-school, I throw away pricy verbal communication as I interact well with the nipperren when I am declareing to them I try to what their saying when they are oral presentation to me, I fete an open mind and concentrate on the main direction of the childrens message to me, I avoid distractions to cultivate trusted I am impressively earr all(prenominal) to them at both(a) dates, normally the children babble to me nearly the toys they are playing with and they tell me al more than or less the activities they are doing. For grammatical case the in my at last unrivalled to ane playdamental interaction I was lecture a girl in the nursery ab go forth her pets at home and if she looks after them, even though I dont arrive at both pets I listened to the girl and gave her inhibit feedback and psyches. I make sure as shooting I am in a comfort up to(p) environment so I sewer hear the children effectively so its non clanging I am invariably prepared to listen to everyaf comely the children say to me. In a 1 to one interaction I find it easier to intercommunicate verbally as Im merely calling to one child so I nooky stay focused on that extra child and what theyre saying to me to make sure I am actively auditory modality to the child, this is an bowl I communicate well with and many skills in this area change every time I go.Whereas in meeting interaction I find verbal communication harder so I necessitate to correct on this, I find it hard to speak to much(prenominal)(prenominal) than(prenominal)(prenominal) than one child at a time because they are children they are all speaking at the aforesaid(prenominal) time so I am getting a lot of development at the equivalent time I l abel my best to effectively listen to them and with a lot of information world told to me its hard to process the information, I motif to improve on this by making sure the children are taking turns so I lav listen to them without getting bored. For example in my last collection interaction I was making a puzzle with the three children and they were all involveing me questions at the same time to I found it hard to listen to all the questions.I also need to improve on the questions I ask the children to make a colloquy with them I ask them questions but wherefore I run out of questions to ask them so thus the chat lay overs, I should ask more questions that interest the children so my communication skills improve. In a group interaction I am infract, so I am correct at asking questions as there are more children with more questions to ask me so theconversation run more break in and information is shared quicker and more effectively, compared to a one to one interactio n I run out of questions to ask the child as I do not obtain information well. I need to improve on this skill to I notify communicate better with a single child to generate them more fight in the conversation. I can respond to questions more effectively as I find it easier to go through and through the question they m another(prenominal) asked me because they are children and the questions are quite simple. I let the children tell me what they want to say to me so I can clarify my information. Reflective speakingI regard this skill is nearlything I need to improve on I do try my best to give the best feedback to the children in both types of interactions. In a one to one interaction I find it easier to communicate as I can come across the childs message clearly and I am equal to(p) to give feedback as the how the message is received, however sometimes I fight down to speak back to them if I realizent understood what they are saying, this skill is vital and I need to imp rove on it every time I go to position. In a group I interaction its the same with the listening as lots of children are speaking to me at the same time I need more time to process and give feedback but as they are children they get enthusiastic waiting for me, I do have an interest in what the children are saying its practiced a matter of finding balance in my communication and interpersonal skills.Even though I am good at speaking to them effectively but I cant give them feedback or start a conversation if I struggle to make a conversation but I can speak to the children and make sure they understand what I am saying to them. For example I was speaking to a child about her family and what jobs her mum and dad does but I couldnt think of what to respond back to her so she got confused even though I did try my best. Non-verbal communication skillsMy non-verbal communication skills could do with some improvement, when I am communication one to one my body movements can sometimes show to the child that I am not enjoying a conversation with them I try and show as much interest in possible but sometimes things like my seat if I am slumped while confabulationing to a child it can communicate to them that I have a negative attitude to the conversation. In both types of interaction I struggle tomake midsection contact its something I need to improve on I practically dont look at the children, in a group interaction I cant keep eye contact with every child but I try my best to make them empathize that I am going to blether to them and to let them know when it is their turn to speak to me, in a one to one I only have one child to focus one so I find this easier to do, however I am still unquiet and this is why I struggle to keep eye contact , I think with more confidence I will be adapted to keep eye contact with the children when I am speaking to them. My closeness towards the children is a thing that I am doing well I make sure I give the appropriate pos ition for the children to smack relaxed and for me to also to opinion relaxed to effectively communicate with them.I thing I think I am good at in both type of interactions is my facial expression I al ways make sure i am smiling at the children to make it seem like I am fire in what they are saying to me so it whence makes them realise that I am interested in what they have to say to me it makes sure that my communication with the children is effective. I am also good at gestures I do gestures a lot to express to the children what I am feelings, if I am speaking to them about something exciting I use my hand gestures to show them that I am interested in what they are saying to me. In my one to one to interactions I can focus more on what a child Is saying to me so my hand gestures express to them how I am feelings about what they or saying or what I am saying to them, this is the same with group interactions as I am open to use gestures to what all the children or saying as t hey are often talk about near enough the same things. However, I need to improve on negotiating with the children, as they often argue with each another(prenominal) and I find it hard to stop the argument and reach an agreement.I need to make sure a negotiation is best for themselves, this is in a one to one interaction I do not need to negotiate but in a group I need to find common interests so they dont argue. I need to improve on ending the conversation as I often dont end the conversation so and then the children might still have something they want to say to me, I should tell the children that I am going to go elsewhere so that they know the conversation is over or make it aware by body language or my facial expressions. One of the main things I need to improve on is my communication with the ply I dont communicate with the staff much. When they ask me to do something like helping the children wash their hands, I listen effectively and give appropriate feedback this issomet hing I can do well. But I need to speak to them more if I am shy(p) of things, but it is the children who I communicate with every time I go, the staffs are busy doing other things and they communicate with me when it is needed. I dont really need to improve on this but I can talk to the staff and communicate with them if I need to for the benefit of the children. Overall I have more things I need to improve on for my communication and interpersonal skills.I find it easier to communicate in a one to one interaction as it is only one child and I can speak to them better as I am able to process my information faster and give the correct feedback to the child in order for them to understand. In a group interaction there is more than one children speaking to me and sometimes too much information is given to me at once and I can then not give feedback to the children, this is something I need to improve on and this can be done through effective turn taking so the children understand tha t they need to take turns in communication this will then make my skills better so I will be able to communicate more effective.I am able to stay calm and stay focused when communicating with both the staff and the children this is my main skill that I can do well, but my main skill that I need to improve on is my non-verbal communication skills as this is where I often find myself communicating that I am bored to the children because they can go on for a while and I do get bored of what they are saying so I can fold my arms and yaw portraying bad body language , this is why I need to make sure I am listening to what they are saying, I could ask different questions to change the subject of the conversation to something that I understand better.Good communication and interpersonal skills are vital when I am in my placement setting as I need to communicate well with service user to develop a good relationship with them so they understand what I am saying and for me to give them feedb ack to them. As I now know the things I need to improve on every time I go to placement I can improve my communication skills with the children and adults in order for my communication and interpersonal skills to be effective. I am going to be evaluating factors that influenced the force of both the one to one and group interaction.(D1) in effect(p) Factors in one to one interactionsHaving good confidence In my one to one interactions I have more confidenceas I am only talking to one child, I matt-up like I had more control over the conversation as I only had to endure information to and from the person. Only talking to one child make me less anxious and nervous and I was speaking clearly and calmly as my nerves werent making me stumble on my nomenclature so this meant that the child could understand what I was saying so she was able to give me good feedback and I was able to respond without feeling anxious that I was going to mess up. My good confidence influenced my communicat ion to make it better because I felt like I was enjoying the conversation instead of it cosmos all over the place this enabled the conversation to run more smoothly and fun. Only having one child to speak to doesnt overwhelm me with information so as I said earlier I had more control over what I was saying to the child and what I would respond so it do me feel better about the communication I was saying so I could then think of more questions to ask so the conversation between me and the child would last longer.It also helped that the child I was speaking to had good confidence shes outgoing and she always has something to say to me so this influenced the effectiveness of the interactions because she wasnt calm and this helped me to speak to her so it didnt effect my nerves as she kept asking me questions so it make the conversation more gratifying. Knowing the child well In my one to one interactions I speak to a child I know best, a child that I feel more golden speaking to be cause I speak to them a lot compared to the other children. It helps me because if I know the child then I have more things that I know about them e.g. favourite singers or their favourite foods, so I can then speak to them about a specific thing that they like to talk about then that child speaks to me a lot about that, so I am then able to respond better as I already know things about the child from preceding(prenominal) conversations.The conversation is influenced by this as my confidence is better when I speaking to them because I know them better and I know how they interact with me so this then enables me to be more engaged with that child. As I know more things about them I can ask them questions related to something they like so they feel happier speaking to me about it as it excites them to tell me more about it so I more information is given and the conversations runs more effectively. When I child knows me better it helps as they then feel more contented speaking me as they know who I am so when Im having a conversation with the child like in my last one to oneinteractions we are happier speaking to each other so we are more likely to find common interests and make the communication more effective as we can listen better to each other and respond better. Environmental factors good sum of money of space- In my one to one interactions I have more space a well-nigh me as I am only talking to one child compared to several in a group interaction.Having more space around me make me more relaxed and comfortable to talk to the child as I dont feel like I am consumed to one area, this makes me more less nervous when Im speaking to a child as I know that I have more space around me to express how Im feeling in a conversations through gestures and this can make a conversation more funnier. Having personal space around me means I can move around while Im speaking to a child and I can do some actions to get the child more involved. Space influenced the effec tiveness in my one to one interactions as when I have a good measurement of personal space around me I can think my thoughts through better without getting paranoid that I dont have enough space this enables me to deliver my information clearly and effectively so the child understand what I am saying to them.The amount of space I have is always at a reasonable amount as there is only one child, so this means I can effectively respond to what the childs saying to me without getting panicked and I can then think of more questions to ask so this means that the communication is effective. Also this meant that the child had space to talk to me effectively so she didnt get panicked that she didnt have enough space to move around like through her gestures, so we were able to speak to each other clearly and all these reasons enabled me to communicate effectively with the child. Environmental, Good ring level When Im having my one to one interaction with a child the room has some backgrou nd interference but its fairly quiet and it makes sure I am able to concentrate on the children without getting distracted by other noises that the staff or children could be making,I can listen to them effectively to them as the noise is at a respectable level, as I am listening to them effectively the conversation runs faster and more smoothly. creation able to hear everything the child is saying helped them to understand what I was saying to them therefore I gave them appropriate feedback. It also allowed me not to misunderstand anything the child said to me so I didnt make mistakes in what I said back to them so this influenced the effectiveness of mycommunication between the child as it helped me to have full concentration on everything the child was saying, as the room was at a good noise level and the information to be delivered effectively and me and the child was able to carry on the conversation without the noise level being to loud, as it was just one child I could unde rstand what she was saying to me as she was close to me so the noise levels were good so I was relaxed and so was the child so it made our communication effective as we were able to talk more freely. Group interactionsQuestions being planned out In my group interaction there was four children in the group and all of them were confident and they each had lots of questions to ask me and each other. On child asked a question to me and I was able to practice it effectively as the questions were straightforward and every child on the table understood them so they were able to effectively listen to the question and they all responded well, this allowed the conversation to run smoothly without any arguments happening as the children all agreed on the questions and they were interested in them so it made the conversation more enjoyable so it was effective as all children participated because they were interested in the questions being asked or explained. Having the questions being planed out before hand allowed me to have some kind of structure to what I was going to ask so I had a basic idea of how the children would respond and how I would respond to them, I looked at what children was in the group and what type of questions they would enjoy answering to help the communication be effective, this then made sure no-one was left not knowing what to say as I always had a back up question.Once one child asked a question all the rest of the children thought of a question to ask as it related to the first question, so they all took turns and asked their questions it influenced the effectiveness of the interaction as questions were being asked so more information was being shared and the communication was effectively being listened and responded to. I had some good questions to ask the children and they were all interested in them so they listened to what I was saying and if a child got stuck on a question I aided them along. Having good and relatable question effectively helped the conversation as the more information was being responded to, as the children understood and were interested in what was being asked the listen nicely toother childrens answers, I was listening to the children and giving good feedback and the overall conversation was enjoyable and fun and all the children were interacting well with me and each other from the questions said. Me being the group leader As I was talking to a small group I was in charge of the conversation as I was the oldest and the most responsible in the group.Having a group leader helped me to have control of the conversation as I was able to help the children if they were struggling with the operation I was doing to I guided them through step by step so they understood what they had to do. When we had a group discussion I guided the group and made sure that everyone was having a turn so it was a fair conversation and it gave chance for other children to think of something to say. I had control over the conversation so when the children started disagreeing with each other I can stop them from arguing so this made sure that the conversation was running smoothly and calmly without arguments. I made sure that the if a child wasnt speaking much I prompted them to speak so everything was fair and in order, and when the children went of topic I could ask a question to that was related to what we were previously speaking to, me being their made sure that the communication was effective as it could make sure that the children were listening to each other and responding to each effectively so I could make the group function better without the children getting frustrated.For example, I was making sparkles with my group and I talked them through step by step and made sure that they were share out the equipment fairly without them arguing with each other so I could effectively communicate and that they could listen and respond with each other, all these reasons helped me to effectively guide the group conversation so the communication was effective, so I was effectively interacting, listening and speaking to them as a group leader and that they were effectively listening and speaking to me. As a group leader me smiling and being open armed boost the children to participate with me as I was the group leader so they were looking up to me. Having a good amount of time to speak In my group interactions I have a good amount of time to listen to what the children are saying to me, having a good amount of time to listen to the children allows to think through what I am saying and what I will say to them without being rushed by other things that are happening.I also allows the children to have enough time to listen to what I am sayingso they didnt misunderstand what I was saying to them, this influenced the effectiveness of the conversation as having time to communicate made things not rushed so I was more relaxed when speaking to the children. I could then speak to the group of children without feeling that I had to rush things with them so I was speaking clearly, as it was a group and there was more then one person having an effective time to communicate helped me to speak to all of the children and it made sure everyone had a turn so there was no arguing. I was able to clarify my information so it was correct and it helped me and the children as I wasnt anxious about what I was saying, my body language showed that I was relaxed and I was interacting well with the children, having enough time to do the discussion/activity with the children helped me to not rush things and it influenced the communication as it was planned out well and everyone was listening and responding well to each other.Having common interests In my group interaction, picked a group of children that were all doing the same activity which was playing with the dinosaurs, I then went over and started to talk to the children and asked them questions like what is your favourite dinosau rs and what shall we call this dinosaur, this influenced the communication as they were all doing the same thing so all the children were interested in what I was asking them, so this helped the conversation to eat better as more information was being delivered from each child. As I was interested in what they were playing with so I listened well to the children and then I responded well to them to keep the interested, having common interests helped the effectiveness of my group interaction as everyone was interested in the topic of the conversation so it made me and the children more relaxed.My good confidence, knowing the child well, having a good amount of space and it not being noisy influenced the effectiveness of my one to one interactions they each helped in different ways and they allowed me to have good listening and speaking skills as well as portraying good non-verbal communication skills. They helped me to understand the child better and to give good feedback to him/her . Questions, common interests, having enough time and me being a group leader all influenced the effectiveness of my interactions with four children in different ways, having more children to speak and listen helped me in some ways compared to my one to one interactions, but all these factors helped me to communicatebetter with the children and for them to communicate with me.ReferencesSheet given in class on what to do for the tasks (Accessed 08/12/14) PowerPoint on learning box Barriers to effective communication (Accessed 08/12/14)